Lesson 1: Introduction to Hangul - The Korean Alphabet

Welcome to the first lesson of our Korean language learning series! In this lesson, we’ll dive into the foundation of the Korean language: Hangul (한글), the Korean alphabet. Whether you're a complete beginner or looking to reinforce your knowledge, understanding Hangul is the first crucial step in mastering Korean.

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What is Hangul?

Hangul is the unique alphabet used to write the Korean language. Unlike the alphabets used in many Western languages, Hangul is a phonetic writing system, meaning each character represents a specific sound. It was created in the 15th century by King Sejong the Great and his scholars to promote literacy among the common people. Hangul is praised for its scientific design and ease of learning.

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History of Hangul

Before Hangul was invented, Koreans used Classical Chinese characters (Hanja) for writing, which was complex and difficult for the common people to learn. To address this issue, King Sejong the Great developed Hangul in 1443. His goal was to create a simple and accessible writing system that would allow everyone, regardless of social class, to read and write Korean.

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Structure of Hangul

Hangul consists of 14 basic consonants and 10 basic vowels. These letters are combined to form syllables, which are the building blocks of Korean words. Each syllable is made up of a consonant (or a combination of consonants) and a vowel, written in a square-like block.

Basic Consonants

• ㄱ (g/k)
• ㄴ (n)
• ㄷ (d/t)
• ㄹ (r/l)
• ㅁ (m)
• ㅂ (b/p)
• ㅅ (s)
• ㅇ (silent/ng)
• ㅈ (j)
• ㅊ (ch)
• ㅋ (k)
• ㅌ (t)
• ㅍ (p)
• ㅎ (h)

Basic Vowels

• ㅏ (a)
• ㅑ (ya)
• ㅓ (eo)
• ㅕ (yeo)
• ㅗ (o)
• ㅛ (yo)
• ㅜ (u)
• ㅠ (yu)
• ㅡ (eu)
• ㅣ (i)

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How to Form Syllables in Hangul

Korean syllables are composed of at least two letters: a consonant and a vowel. For example:

• 가 (g + a) is pronounced as "ga"
• 나 (n + a) is pronounced as "na"

These simple combinations are the foundation of more complex words and sentences in Korean.

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Why is Hangul Important?

Learning Hangul is essential because it is the key to reading and writing in Korean. Once you grasp the basics of Hangul, you’ll be able to pronounce Korean words correctly and start building your vocabulary. This will make your Korean learning journey much smoother and more enjoyable.

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Practice Makes Perfect

To solidify your understanding of Hangul, practice by writing out the consonants and vowels, then combining them to form simple syllables. Try pronouncing each syllable aloud to get familiar with the sounds of Korean.

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Conclusion

By the end of this lesson, you should have a good grasp of the basics of Hangul. Understanding the structure of Hangul and practicing the pronunciation of simple syllables will set a strong foundation for your Korean language learning journey. In the next lesson, we’ll delve deeper into the structure of Korean syllables and how to use Hangul in everyday situations.

Stay tuned for Lesson 2: Understanding Korean Syllable Structure. Happy learning!

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